Quiz about Using Diagnostic and Laboratory Studies,Microbiology,Pathology & Pathophysiology,Biochemistry,Histology,Pharmacology,Anatomy,Aviation Law and Ethics,Medical Genetics,Embryology,Immunology,Behavioral Science / Psychiatry,Physiology,Biostatistics/Epidemiology

Question 1

Which of the following is a key principle of aviation law and ethics in the United Kingdom?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Speed

Answer

Competition

Answer

Profit

Question 2

A 55-year-old woman suffered a biking accident requiring sutures for a laceration, which was subsequently complicated by cellulitis. After a week on cephalexin with no improvement in the cellulitis, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was initiated. Shortly after finishing the antibiotics, the patient developed watery diarrhea, malaise, and abdominal pain. Her temperature now is 36.7°C (98.1°F), pulse rate 78/min, leukocytes 13.1 × 109/L, and albumin 2.1 g/dL. A stool sample is obtained and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is done. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Salmonella infection

Answer

Crohn disease

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer

Clostridioides difficile infection

Question 3

A 24-day-old neonate is brought to the ED because of high-grade fever, inability to feed, and lethargy. He was previously active and energetic, feeding every 2–3 hours and making 6–8 wet diapers every day. Two days ago, he vomited twice, developed diarrhea, and slowly became lethargic. The boy was born at 39 weeks' gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is meeting all developmental milestones. He has not been in contact with any sick people. His temperature is 39.4°C (102.9°F). Physical exam reveals hypotonia and a bulging anterior fontanelle. He is admitted to the NICU for suspicion of neonatal meningitis. A lumbar puncture is ordered and empiric antibiotics are started. Which of the following structures will be traversed with the needle during the lumbar puncture?

Accepted Answer

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer

Denticulate ligament

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Nucleus pulposus

Answer

Dura mater

Question 4

A 60-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by police officers because he was acting strangely in public. The patient was found talking nonsensically to characters on cereal boxes in the store. His past medical history is significant for multiple hospitalizations for injuries in the setting of alcohol intoxication. The patient’s vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows a disheveled male who is oriented to person, but not to time or place. Neurologic examination shows nystagmus and severe gait ataxia. A T1/T2 MRI is performed and demonstrates evidence of damage to the mammillary bodies. The patient is started on the appropriate treatment and his nystagmus and some of his gait abnormalities improve. However, significant short-term memory deficits persist. The patient remembers events from his past such as the college he attended, his current job, and the names of family members, but is unable to recall the events prior to his assessment. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke encephalopathy

Answer

Korsakoff syndrome

Answer

Delirium

Answer

Delirium tremens

Answer

Schizophrenia

Question 5

A 28-year-old woman survives a plane crash in the Arctic region of Alaska. She is unable to recover any food from the crash site, but is able to melt snow into drinking water using a kettle and a lighter. A rescue helicopter finally finds her after 12 days, and she is flown to a hospital. At this time, which of the following substances is mostly responsible for supplying her brain with energy?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Free fatty acids

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Acetoacetate

Answer

Cholesterol

Answer

Amino acids

Question 6

A study that aimed to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory markers and lipid metabolism in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) recruited 252 patients with RA in a tertiary care hospital. Fasting blood samples were taken for lipid profiling and for the assessment of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The relationship between CRP and total cholesterol was assessed using Pearson’s correlation. A scatter plot between CRP and total cholesterol can be seen in the picture. Based on the scatter plot, which of the following can be correctly concluded about the value of the Pearson correlation coefficient, r, for CRP and total cholesterol? $\"Certifications$

Accepted Answer

r-value is exactly -1

Answer

r-value is exactly +1

Answer

r-value lies between 0 and -1

Answer

r-value lies between 0 and +1

Answer

r-value is exactly 0

Question 7

A 37-year-old man presents with dull, continuous epigastric pain that radiates to his back. His history is significant for 3 episodes of acute pancreatitis that were managed conservatively. He reports no history of similar episodes in his relatives and denies a family history of any cardiovascular or gastrointestinal disorders. His vital signs include blood pressure 105/70 mm Hg, heart rate 101/min, respiratory rate 17/min, and temperature 37.4℃ (99.3℉). The physical examination reveals epigastric tenderness, slight muscle guarding, and abdominal distention. Laboratory studies show the following findings: Complete blood count Erythrocytes 4.5 x 106/mm3 Hgb 14.7 g/dL Hct 43% Leukocytes 12,700/mm3 Segmented neutrophils 65% Bands 4% Eosinophils 1% Basophils 0% Lymphocytes 27% Monocytes 3% Biochemistry Serum amylase 170 U/L ALT 21 U/L AST 19 U/L Total serum cholesterol 139 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L) Serum triglycerides 127 mg/dL (1.4 mmol/L) The magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings are shown in the figure. What embryogenic disruption could cause such anatomic findings? $\"Certifications$

Accepted Answer

Improper rotation of the anterior pancreatic bud

Answer

Failure of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic duct anlages to fuse

Answer

Ectopy of the developing bile duct

Answer

Duplication of the embryonic pancreatic duct

Answer

Duplication of the pancreatic bud of the midgut

Question 8

A 36-year-old man undergoes surgical intervention due to a right upper quadrant abdominal stab wound. His gallbladder is found to be lacerated so it is removed and sent for histological evaluation. The pathologist examines the slide shown in the exhibit (see picture) and identifies the structures numbered the image. Which of the following statements is correct? $\"Certifications$

Accepted Answer

Normally, there should be goblet cells among the cells in area 1.

Answer

This section is taken from a site that does not adjoin the liver.

Answer

The cells in area 2 belong to muscularis mucosa.

Answer

The cells in area 3 are inactivated by cholecystokinin.

Answer

The function of the cells in area 1 is to secrete bile.

Question 9

A 32-year-old man presents to the clinic with dull low back pain radiating to the buttocks. He first noted it about 2 years ago and it has progressed since then. He notes that it is worse in the morning and improves later in the day after physical activity. The patient also reports morning stiffness lasting up to 30 minutes and blurred vision, which started about 7 months ago. His blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, heart rate 88/min, respiratory rate 16/min, and temperature 36.8°C (98.2°F). Physical examination reveals tenderness over the sacroiliac joints and limitation of the lumbar spine movements in the sagittal plane. The patient’s X-ray is shown in the picture below. Which of the following HLA variants is associated with this patient’s condition? $\"Certifications$

Accepted Answer

HLA-DR3

Answer

HLA-DR4

Answer

HLA-B27

Answer

HLA-DQ2

Answer

HLA-B47

Question 10

A 45-year-old primigravida woman at 15-weeks' gestation is scheduled for a prenatal evaluation. This is her first appointment, although she has known she is pregnant for several weeks. A quad screening is performed with the mother's blood and reveals the following: AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) Decreased hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) Elevated Estriol Decreased Inhibin Elevated Ultrasound evaluation of the fetus reveals increased nuchal translucency. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to have caused the fetus’s condition? $\"Certifications$

Accepted Answer

Mosaicism

Answer

Nondisjunction

Answer

Nucleotide excision repair defect

Answer

Mismatch repair

Answer

Robertsonian translocation

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