Quiz about Musica,Competenze didattiche metodologiche,Lingua inglese

Question 1

Read the passage and complete the sentence or answer the related question on the basis of what is explicitly or implicitly stated in the text Text n. 53 One core property of human languages is known as “duality of patterning”: meaningful linguistic units (such as words) break down into smaller meaningless units (sounds), so that the words “sap”, “pass”, and “asp” involve different combinations of the same sounds, even though their meanings are unrelated. It's not hard to imagine that things could have been otherwise. We could have a language in which sounds relate to their meanings. But there are stark advantages to duality of patterning. Try inventing a lexicon of tens of thousands of distinct noises, all of which are easily distinguished, and you will probably find yourself wishing you could simply re-use a few snippets of sound in varying arrangements. The dominant thinking until recently was that universal linguistic properties reflect genetic predispositions. Under this view, duality of patterning is much like an opposable thumb: it evolved within our species because it was advantageous, and now exists as part of our genetic heritage. We are born expecting language to have “duality of patterning”. What to make, then, of the recent discovery of a language whose words are not made from smaller, meaningless units? Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL) is a new sign language emerging in a village, with high rates of deafness, in Israel. Words in this language correspond to holistic gestures. ABSL provides fodder for researchers who reject the idea that there's a genetic basis for the similarities across languages. Instead, they argue, languages share certain properties because they all have to solve similar problems of communication under similar pressures, that reflect the limits of human abilities to learn, remember, and perceive information. The challenge is to explain why ABSL is an outlier - if “duality of patterning” is the optimal solution to the problem of creating words, why hasn't ABSL made use of it? One possible explanation is that the vocabulary of ABSL hasn't yet reached a critical mass that would force it into a more combinatorial system for word-creation. The signs of ABSL, though, may be easier to learn because many of them are concretely related to the things they symbolize - for example, the sign for “lemon” resembles the motion of squeezing a lemon. Another lab study found that both large vocabularies and abstract symbols encouraged the birth of “duality of patterning” in artificial languages. Concreteness may be easier to achieve in a gestural language, simply because you can illustrate more ideas using your hands than by making sounds. Researchers don't yet have a clear answer, but systematic lab studies may help solve this puzzle, as may the evolution of ABSL itself. Why is ABSL so surprising to many linguists?

Accepted Answer

it doesn't make use of the “duality of patterning”, as all other known languages do

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its words remind us of holistic signs

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it has an incredibly limited vocabulary

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it is a little different from all the other commonly used sign languages

Question 2

Come si può definire lo stereotipo?

Accepted Answer

Una credenza sugli attributi personali di un gruppo di individui

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;;Un comportamento negativo non giustificato verso un gruppo o i suoi membri

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L'atteggiamento pregiudiziale e il comportamento discriminatorio di un individuo verso persone di un dato sesso

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Un giudizio negativo preconcetto su un gruppo e sui suoi membri

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L'atteggiamento pregiudiziale e il comportamento discriminatorio di un individuo verso persone di una data etnia

Question 3

Con riferimento alla destinazione delle opere, si possono distinguere due tipi di sonate. Quali?

Accepted Answer

La sonata da camera e la sonata da chiesa.

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La sonata da camera e la sonata da ballo.

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La sonata da concerto e la sonata da messa solenne.

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La sonata da trio e la sonata da quartetto.

Question 4

Read the passage and complete the sentence or answer the related question on the basis of what is explicitly or implicitly stated in the text Text n. 67 J. Piaget was the initiator of the “developmental psychology”, arguing that development arises from: • gifted innate individuals; • and environmental context. He dealt with, in a rigorously logical and scientific framework, the theme of the “epistemological” relationship between: • a knowing subject; • and an object to be known or known. Inside, our mind operates on the principle of organization, understood as “the agreement of thought with itself”; on the exterior, however, the mind follows the principle of adaptation, in turn, understood as “the agreement of thought with things”. The “process of adapting thought to reality” is through mechanisms of: • assimilation; • and arrangement. According to the principle of balance, finally, the continuous adaptation between “assimilation” and “arrangement” will always generate a new equilibrium. The phases of this process are identified in “four stages”, each characterized by different interaction between: • individual; • and environment. Each stage incorporates and transforms the previous one, whereby the result being that learning comes from development. The influence of Piaget's ideas in “developmental psychology” has been enormous. He changed how people viewed the child's world and their methods of studying children. He was an inspiration to many who came after and took up his ideas. Piaget's ideas have generated a huge amount of research, which has increased our understanding of “cognitive development”. His ideas have been of practical use in understanding and communicating with children, particularly in the field of education. But his ideas were not totally accepted. As an illustrative instance, “are the stages real”? Vygotsky and Bruner would rather not talk about stages at all, preferring to see development as a “continuous process”. Others have queried the age ranges of the stages. Some studies have shown that progress to the “formal operational stage” is not guaranteed. For example: • Keating reported that 40-60% of college students fail at formal operation tasks; • and Dasen states that only one-third of adults ever reach the formal operational stage. In addition, because Piaget concentrated on the universal stages of: • cognitive development; • and biological maturation, he failed to consider the effect that the social setting and culture may have on “cognitive development”. For Piaget, language is seen as “secondary” to action: i.e. thought precedes language. The Russian psychologist Vygotsky argues that: • the development of language and thought go together; • and the origin of reasoning has more to do with our ability to communicate with others than with our interaction with the material world. In the last paragraph, the author's purpose is to:

Accepted Answer

show the differences between Piaget and Vygotsky's idea of “language”

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consider the effects of social setting and culture on “cognitive development”

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stress the importance of communication and interaction with the “material world”

Question 5

Nella visione di Mitchell Resnick il coding è utile in particolare per:

Accepted Answer

sviluppare la creatività

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migliorare la grafia

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;;nessuna delle precedenti

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diventare programmatori

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imparare una lingua straniera

Question 6

In quali città visse Girolamo Frescobaldi?

Accepted Answer

Ferrara e Roma.

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Venezia e Milano.

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Firenze e Ferrara.

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Napoli e Roma.

Question 7

Read the following passage carefully and answer the question or complete the sentence given below them Text 9 Please note that you should read the kit instructions carefully before making any attempt to mount these bookshelves without the help of a trained carpenter. Use two-inch nails made of steel only, as iron nails will splinter the wood surface. Ensure that the wall chosen for the bookshelves has a solid plaster finish, as a cracked or damaged wall cannot bear the weight of the vertical support rods. Mount the lower shelves first, as stated in the kit instructions. Sandpaper each surface before applying paint. What could damage the surface of the wood?

Accepted Answer

iron nails

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steel nails

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sandpaper

Question 8

Secondo il modello costruttivista:

Accepted Answer

chi apprende è direttamente impegnato nella creazione di significati

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;;l'enfasi è posta sull'insegnante e sulla sua visione del mondo

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l'apprendimento è passivo, costruito solo tramite le conoscenze trasmesse dall'insegnante

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la colpa del mancato apprendimento è esclusivamente dell'insegnante

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la colpa del mancato apprendimento è esclusivamente dello studente

Question 9

Da che cosa è determinato un suono?

Accepted Answer

Dalle vibrazioni regolari emesse da un corpo elastico.

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Da un rumore.

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Dalle oscillazioni emesse da un oggetto in movimento.

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Dalle vibrazioni ritmiche emesse da un solido.

Question 10

Lo stile educativo di tipo induttivo si basa:

Accepted Answer

;;sulla comprensione della situazione da parte del bambino e sull'empatia nei confronti degli altri

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sulla sottrazione dell'affetto da parte del genitore

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sul potere fisico e la prevaricazione sugli altri

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sulle minacce di punizioni

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sull'uso di sanzioni espiatorie

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